Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Data — v. 15 (2025)

Collected data sets from March 2025, Varieties of Democracy, version 15.

Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) seeks to capture seven different conceptions of democracy—participatory, consensual, majoritarian, deliberative, and egalitarian, in addition to the more familiar electoral and liberal democracy. Varieties of Democracy 15 produces the largest global dataset on democracy with over 31 million data points for 202 countries from 1789 to 2024. Involving over 4,200 scholars and other country experts, V-Dem measures over 600 different attributes of democracy. The reliable, precise nature of the indicators as well as their lengthy historical coverage is useful to scholars studying why democracy succeeds or fails and how it affects human development, as well as to governments and NGOs wishing to evaluate efforts to promote democracy. V-Dem makes the improved indicators freely available for use by researchers, NGOs, international organizations, activists, and journalists. More information about V-Dem is available at v-dem.net, including visualization interfaces for data from 202 countries and the complete 2025 dataset for download.

• The V-Dem Collection contains coder-level data and uncertainty estimates for all of the Variety of Democracy Datasets.