University of Notre Dame
Browse

Advances in Optical Sensors of N‑Acetyl-β‑D‑hexosaminidase (N‑Acetyl-β‑D‑glucosaminidase)

journal contribution
posted on 2022-11-17, 00:00 authored by Bradley D SmithBradley D Smith, Janeala J. Morsby
N-Acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-acting glycosyl hydrolases that remove N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) or N-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) from the nonreducing ends of various biomolecules including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The same enzymes are sometimes called N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidases, and this review article employs the shorthand descriptor HEX(NAG) to indicate that the terms HEX or NAG are used interchangeably in the literature. The wide distribution of HEX(NAG) throughout the biosphere and its intracellular location in lysosomes combine to make it an important enzyme in food science, agriculture, cell biology, medical diagnostics, and chemotherapy. For more than 50 years, researchers have employed chromogenic derivatives of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide in basic assays for biomedical research and clinical chemistry. Recent conceptual and synthetic innovations in molecular fluorescence sensors, along with concurrent technical improvements in instrumentation, have produced a growing number of new fluorescent imaging and diagnostics methods. A systematic summary of the recent advances in optical sensors for HEX(NAG) is provided under the following headings: assessing kidney health, detection and treatment of infectious disease, fluorescence imaging of cancer, treatment of lysosomal disorders, and reactive probes for chemical biology. The article concludes with some comments on likely future directions.

History

Date Modified

2022-11-17

Language

  • English

Publisher

American Chemical Society

Additional Groups

  • Integrated Imaging Facility

Usage metrics

    Chemistry and Biochemistry

    Categories

    No categories selected

    Exports

    RefWorks
    BibTeX
    Ref. manager
    Endnote
    DataCite
    NLM
    DC