Functional Relevance of Urinary-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR)-alpha3beta1 Integrin Association in Proteinase Regulatory Pathways.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is characterized by persistent,disorganized expression of integrin alpha3beta1 and enhanced production of urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) relative to normal oral mucosa. Because multivalent aggregation of alpha3beta1 integrin up-regulates uPA and induces a dramatic co-clustering of uPAR,we explored the hypothesis that lateral ligation of alpha3beta1 integrin by uPAR contributes to uPA regulation in oral mucosal cells. To investigate mechanisms by which uPAR/alpha3beta1 binding enhances uPA expression,integrin-dependent signal activation was assessed. Both Src and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in response to integrin aggregation,and blocking Src kinase activity completely abrogated ERK1/2 activation and uPA induction,whereas inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity did not alter uPA expression. Proteinase up-regulation occurred at the transcriptional level and mutation of the AP1 (-1967) site in the uPA promoter blocked the uPAR/integrin-mediated transcriptional activation. Because uPAR is redistributed to clustered alpha3beta1 integrins,the requirement for uPAR/alpha3beta1 interaction in uPA regulation was assessed. Clustering of alpha3beta1 in the presence of a peptide (alpha325) that disrupts uPAR/alpha3beta1 integrin binding prevented uPA induction. Depletion of cell surface uPAR using small interfering RNA also blocked uPA induction following integrin alpha3beta1 clustering. These results were confirmed using a genetic strategy in which alpha3 null epithelial cells reconstituted with wild type alpha3 integrin,but not a mutant alpha3 unable to bind uPAR,induced uPA expression upon integrin clustering,confirming the critical role of uPAR in integrin-regulated proteinase expression. Disruption of uPAR/alpha3beta1 binding using peptide alpha325 or small interfering RNA blocked filopodia formation and matrix invasion,indicating that this interaction stimulates invasive behavior. Together these data support a model wherein matrix-induced clustering ofalpha3beta1 integrin promotes uPAR/alpha3beta1 interaction,thereby potentiating cellular signal transduction pathways culminating in activation of uPA expression and enhanced uPA-dependent invasive behavior.