The article focuses on graphene-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. One such example is graphene in a Li ion battery. Graphene can provide support for enhancement of Li ion battery in increasing structural stability, improving conductivity and potentially, lessening the effect of solvent/electrolyte interaction. For example by utilizing select synthetic techniques for the production of the graphene nanocomposites such as photochemical reduction coupled with simultaneous binding, nanocomposites consisting of very small particles (~2-5 nm) were nearly embedded into the graphene sheets. Graphene presents unique opportunities to the scientific community through its diverse and varied properties, which show promise to enhance many catalytic, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical processes. The inexpensive route to RGO from GO and selective binding properties exhibited by the latter open doors to the creation of composite materials for these applications.