Articles & Publications
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- Author(s):
- Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
A broad array of imaging and diagnostic technologies employs fluorophore-labeled antibodies for biomarker visualization, an experimental technique known as immunofluorescence. Significant performance advantages, such as higher signal-to-noise ratio, are gained if the appended fluorophore emits near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength >700 nm. However, the currently available NIR fluorophore antibody conjugates are known to exhibit significant limitations, including low chemical stabilit…
- Date Published:
- 2021-02
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Rananjaya S. Gamage, Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a clinically approved organic dye with near-infrared absorption and fluorescence. Over the years, many efforts to improve the photophysical and pharmacokinetic properties of ICG have investigated numerous nanoparticle formulations, especially liposomes with membraneembedded ICG. A series of systematic absorption and fluorescence experiments, including FRET experiments using ICG as a fluorescence energy acceptor, found that ICG transfers spontaneously from liposomes …
- Date Published:
- 2022-09
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Dong-Hao Li, Rananjaya S. Gamage, Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
A modular synthetic process enables two or four shielding arms to be appended strategically over the fluorochromes of near-infrared cyanine heptamethine dyes to create hydrophilic analogs of clinically approved indocyanine green. A key synthetic step is the facile substitution of a heptamethine 4′-Cl atom by a phenol bearing two triethylene glycol chains. The lead compound is a heptamethine dye with four shielding arms, and a series of comparative spectroscopy studies showed that the shieldin…
- Date Published:
- 2022-08
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Janeala J. Morsby , Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
N-Acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-acting glycosyl hydrolases that remove N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) or N-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) from the nonreducing ends of various biomolecules including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The same enzymes are sometimes called N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidases, and this review article employs the shorthand descriptor HEX(NAG) to indicate that the terms HEX or NAG are used interchangeably in the literature. The wi…
- Date Published:
- 2022-03
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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5
Article
- Author(s):
- Janeala J. Morsby, Rebekah L. Thimes, Jacob E. Olson, Hannah H. McCarraugh, Jason N. Payne, Jon P. Camden, Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
The high sensitivity and functional group selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) make it an attractive method for enzyme sensing, but there is currently a severe lack of enzyme substrates that release SERS reporter molecules with favorable detection properties. We find that 2-mercaptopyridine-3- carbonitrile (o-MPN) and 2-mercaptopyridine-5-carbonitrile (p-MPN) are highly effective as SERS reporter molecules that can becaptured by silver or gold nanoparticles to give intense …
- Date Published:
- 2022-02
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Bradley D. Smith, Dong-Hao Li
- Abstract:
Currently, there is a substantial research effort to develop near-infrared fluorescent polymethine cyanine dyes for biological imaging and sensing. In water, cyanine dyes with extended conjugation are known to cross over the “cyanine limit” and undergo a symmetry breaking Peierls transition that favors an unsymmetric distribution of π-electron density and produces a broad absorption profile and low fluorescence brightness. This study shows how supramolecular encapsulation of a newlydesigned s…
- Date Published:
- 2022-04
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Rananjaya S. Gamage, Dong-Hao Li, Cynthia L. Schreiber, Bradley D. Smith
- Abstract:
Previous work has shown that the sterically shielded near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye, s775z,with a reactive carboxyl group produces fluorescent bioconjugates with an unsurpassed combination of high photostability and fluorescence brightness. This present contribution reports two new reactive homologues of s775z with either a maleimide group for reaction with a thiol or a strained alkyne group for reaction with an azide. Three cancer-targeting NIR fluorescent probes we…
- Date Published:
- 2021-12
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Zhihong Peng, Mohini Mohan Konai, Luis F. Avila-Cobian, Man Wang, Shahriar Mobashery, Mayland Chang
- Abstract:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal disease characterized by excessive matrix degradation and fibrosis, destroys the lung architecture and results in the inability of the lungs to absorb oxygen. The cause(s) of IPF is unknown and current treatments are palliative. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) likely play roles in IPF progression. However, specific MMPs and ADAMs in IPF have not been identified due to challenges in MMP/ADAM profilin…
- Date Published:
- 2022-03
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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9
Article
- Author(s):
- Brant D. Gates, Jackson B. Vyletel, Lei Zou, Matthew Webber
- Abstract:
The affinity possible from certain supramolecular motifs rivals that for some of the best-recognized interactions in biology. Cucurbit [7] uril (CB[7]) macrocycles, for example, are capable of achieving affinities in their binding to certain guests that rival that of biotin−avidin. Supramolecular host−guest recognition between CB[7] and certain guests has been demonstrated to spatially localize guest-linked agents to desired sites in vivo, offering opportunities to better exploit this affinit…
- Date Published:
- 2022-06
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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10
Article
- Author(s):
- Brant D. Gates, Jackson B. Vyletel, Lei Zou, Matthew Webber
- Abstract:
The affinity possible from certain supramolecular motifs rivals that for some of the best-recognized interactions in biology. Cucurbit [7] uril (CB[7]) macrocycles, for example, are capable of achieving affinities in their binding to certain guests that rival that of biotin−avidin. Supramolecular host−guest recognition between CB[7] and certain guests has been demonstrated to spatially localize guest-linked agents to desired sites in vivo, offering opportunities to better exploit this affinit…
- Date Published:
- 2022-06
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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11
Article
- Author(s):
- Adam S. Braegelman, Rachel C. Ollier, Bo Su, Christopher J. Addonizio, Lei Zou, Sara L. Cole, Matthew J. Webber
- Abstract:
Hydrogels prepared from supramolecular cross-linking motifs are appealing for use as biomaterials and drug delivery technologies. The inclusion of macromolecules (e.g., protein therapeutics) in these materials is relevant to many of their intendeduses. However, the impact of dynamic network cross-linking on macromolecule diffusion must be better understood. Here, hydrogel networks with identical topology but disparate cross-link dynamics are explored. These materials are prepared from cross-l…
- Date Published:
- 2022-05
- Record Visibility:
- Public
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- Author(s):
- Seol Baek, Seung-Ryong Kwon, Kaiyu Fu, Paul Bohn
- Abstract:
NEA nanopores. Such selectively transported and confined ions are detected by using a 100 nm gap dual-ring nanoelectrode structure capable of enhancing current output by efficient redox cycling with an amplification factor >102. In addition, BCP@NEAs exhibit extraordinary pH-gated ion selectivity, resulting in a 3380-fold current difference between anion and cation probes at pH 3.0. This hierarchically organized BCP-gated NEA system can serve as a template for the development of other stim…
- Date Published:
- 2020-11
- Record Visibility:
- Public